Saturday, January 31, 2026

Afterword ”The Courage to Be Disliked”.

Masterclass concluded the discussion on the book.

The Courage to be Disliked and introduce the sequel The Courage to Be Happy

Key Takeaways

  • Book 1 Concluded: The group finished Courage to be Disliked, clarifying that Adlerian psychology is a philosophy, not a falsifiable science, and that happiness requires continuous action.

  • Book 2 Announced: The sequel, The Courage to be Happy, will be the next book, with a one-week break for participants to acquire copies.

  • GSA’s Mission: The Good Schools Alliance (GSA) was introduced, focusing on its “3 Rs” (Reading, Reflection, Relationships) and “6 Cs” (Critical Thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, Communication, Character, Citizenship).

  • Scholarship Initiative: A new scholarship program was launched to bring more Youth into the masterclass, with the first 3,000 INR donation funding a student from PYDS Learning Academy.

Topics

Concluding Courage to be Disliked

  • The session concluded with the afterword, resolving the Youth’s scepticism about Adler’s ideas.

  • Core Question: Is Adlerian psychology a science?

    • Answer: No, not in the strict sense of being falsifiable. It is a philosophy for practical use.

  • Philosophy vs. Religion:

    • Religion: Explains the world via stories (e.g., gods).

    • Philosophy: Explains the world via abstract concepts.

    • Analogy: Philosophy is an endless walk on a pole of inquiry; religion is jumping off, satisfied with a final answer.

  • Socratic Wisdom: The Philosopher’s stance aligns with Socrates’ “I know that I know nothing,” emphasising continuous learning over claiming absolute knowledge.

Introducing the Good Schools Alliance (GSA)

  • Sandeep Dutt introduced GSA, the foundation running the masterclass.

  • Mission: Focus on three Rs → Reading, Reflection, and Relationships.

  • Framework: Develops “6 Cs” in participants:

    • Critical Thinking

    • Creativity

    • Collaboration

    • Communication

    • Character

    • Citizenship

  • Programs:

    • Teachers Academy: Saturday sessions for educators.

    • MyGoodSchool: Sunday sessions for students.

  • Resources:

New Participants & Scholarship Program

  • New participants were introduced to diversify the group and bring fresh perspectives.

  • Diana: Principal, PYDS Learning Academy (charitable school for underprivileged children in Uttarakhand).

  • Rudra: Single father joining to learn about education.

  • Khushie: 8th-grade student from Lotus Petal Foundation, attending on scholarship.

  • Scholarship Program:

    • Goal: Bring more Youth into the masterclass.

    • Funding: The first 3,000 INR donation from Rudra will fund a scholarship for a student from Diana’s school (PYDS).

    • Rationale: Creates a “train-the-trainer” model, fostering dialogue between the student and principal to apply learnings in their school community.

Next Steps

  • Group: Take a one-week break to acquire copies of The Courage to be Happy.

  • Diana: Nominate a student from PYDS Learning Academy for the scholarship.

  • Rudra: Connect with the scholarship recipient to foster dialogue.

  • Sandeep Dutt: Begin The Courage to be Happy in the next session.

    FATHOM-AI supported the note-taking.

Introducing Wanted Back-Bencher & Last-Ranker Teacher


Staff Leadership Development Program

Introduction

To launch the new Learning Forward Saturday season and introduce the book Wanted Back-Bencher & Last-Ranker Teacher by Kavita Ghosh

Key Takeaways

  • New Book Introduced: Learning Forward Saturday is now a book club, using Kavita Ghosh’s Wanted Back Bencher, Last Ranker Teacher, to foster reading, reflection, and relationships.

  • Monthly Chapter Focus: We read one chapter per month, starting with “Conventional vs. Contemporary School Management” in February.

  • Unorthodox Teacher Protagonist: Roma Mathur, a temporary teacher hired to address a school’s deep-seated problems, brings a fresh perspective.

  • Actionable Reflection: Participants will write reflections on each chapter for publication on happyteacher.in, building a public portfolio of their learning.

Topics

The New Learning Forward Saturday Format

  • Goal: Shift from general classroom advice to a focused book-reading model.

  • Rationale: To create a structured program for reading, reflection, and relationship-building, empowering teachers as leaders.

  • Program: The club is part of the “Staff Leadership Development” program, one of three book-based initiatives offered by Learning Forward.

Introducing the Book: Wanted Back-Bencher, Last-Ranker Teacher

  • Author: Kavita Ghosh, an English teacher and German PASH Project Coordinator at Delhi Public School, Bangalore South.

  • Protagonist: Roma Mathur, a temporary teacher with a marketing background.

  • Motivation: Mathur takes the teaching job to fulfil an adoption agency’s requirement that she demonstrate experience with children.

  • Core Theme: The story explores the complexities of school life through Mathur’s unorthodox methods and her interactions with students, parents, and management.

Chapter-by-Chapter Overview

The book’s 11 chapters tackle a range of universal school challenges:

  1. Conventional vs. Contemporary School Management: Mathur’s arrival amid a management crisis.

  2. War vs. Peace: Addressing student bunking and dislike of learning.

  3. Love Learning vs. Hate Learning: Fostering a positive learning environment.

  4. Affection vs. Rejection: Supporting students from disturbed families.

  5. Like vs. Unlike: Protecting bullied children and managing peer groups.

  6. Right vs. Wrong: Handling peer pressure, risk-taking, and parent-student disconnection.

  7. Copy or Not to Copy: Dealing with cheating and promoting honesty.

  8. Fear vs. Courage: Helping students overcome stage fright.

  9. Heart vs. Mind: Counselling students and parents on sensitive relationship issues.

  10. Smiles vs. Frowns: Rebuilding positive teacher-student relationships.

  11. Smart Tom vs. Crafty Jerry: Mathur’s unconventional final actions and departure.

Author’s Philosophy & Research

  • Author’s Note: Ghosh connects universal classroom situations to logical reasoning and research.

  • Goal: Bring learners, caregivers, and educators together to create a “happy place” where learning resonates with laughter.

  • Research Basis: The book’s principles are informed by experts like Laurence Steinberg (adolescent development), Kenneth Wissen (neuroscience), and Sally and Lois Land (complex behaviour strategies).

  • Forward: Defines an excellent teacher as a “multi-grain diet” for the brain—a subject specialist, mentor, communicator, and appraiser.

Reflection & Publication Process

  • Platform: Participants will publish their reflections on the happyteacher.in blog.

  • Process:

    • Week 1: Introduce the chapter.

    • Weeks 2–3: Draft reflections.

    • Week 4: Publish reflections on the blog.

  • Precedent: The book was previously used in a World Bank Education Group-acknowledged Global Innovation Program, where teachers’ reflections were compiled into a separate book, demonstrating the model’s effectiveness.

Next Steps

  • All Participants:

    • Purchase a copy of Wanted Back-Bencher & Last-Ranker Teacher.

    • Reflect on the session’s introduction and share initial thoughts in the WhatsApp group.

  • Neelashi:

    • Schedule an author talk with Kavita Ghosh for a future Friday session.

    • Define “proletarian teacher training” and share the definition with the group.

  • Learning Forward:

    • Post the YouTube recording of this session to the Good Schools Network channel (www.goodschools.net).

Learning Before Knowing: Reflections on Teaching, Struggle, and Leadership - Manika Pandey

Assignment 1: Learning Through Struggle in the Classroom

“Struggle, when designed purposefully, prepares the mind for deeper learning.” — from the chapter on Struggle Before Instruction

There’s a Maths lesson from my teaching days that still stays with me because it quietly reshaped the way I look at learning.

I walked into the classroom that day fully prepared. My explanations were structured, my examples carefully chosen, and I was confident that I would finally make fractions look simple and logical. I spoke, demonstrated, and checked for understanding. The students nodded politely, but their eyes told a different story. They weren’t resisting; they were just… lost. And no amount of explaining seemed to bridge that gap.

The next day, I made a small but powerful shift. I didn’t begin with rules or steps. Instead, I gave them a slightly messy pizza-sharing problem—one that didn’t have an obvious starting point. Then I stepped back and said just one word: “Try.”

What followed was beautiful chaos. Students debated, drew rough diagrams, made incorrect assumptions, crossed things out, and tried again. There were disagreements, laughter, frustration, and sudden “aha” moments. The room was noisy, but alive with thinking. They were struggling, but this time the struggle belonged to them.

When I finally introduced the formal method, something was different. The explanation landed. It wasn’t just heard—it was understood. The students weren’t memorising steps; they were making connections. The method answered questions they had already asked themselves.

That lesson taught me something deeply important: learning doesn’t begin with perfect clarity. It begins with uncertainty, curiosity, and the courage to attempt something without knowing the outcome. A little discomfort doesn’t block learning—it invites it.

Since then, I’ve learned to trust the power of well-designed struggle. Because when students wrestle with ideas before being taught, understanding doesn’t just arrive—it stays.

Assignment 2: The Power of Prior Knowledge in Teaching

“Learning builds on what learners already know—or think they know.” — from the chapter on Activation of Prior Knowledge

During a classroom observation, I once watched a Grade 7 Maths lesson begin with algebraic expressions on the board. The teacher was confident, and the content was correct, but the students looked as though they had been dropped into unfamiliar territory. Their eyes followed the symbols, but their minds hadn’t arrived yet.

After the lesson, we sat down and talked—not about pace or classroom control, but about starting points. As we unpacked the lesson together, the teacher slowly realised something important: the students already had pieces of the puzzle. They knew patterns. They had worked with numbers and symbols. They had met variables before. But none of that had been called into the room before algebra was introduced.

What struck me most was how much students carry with them every day—half-formed ideas, prior experiences, small misunderstandings, and quiet confidence from earlier learning. When that knowledge isn’t activated, new concepts don’t settle. They hover, disconnected, with nothing solid to hold on to.

This experience reinforced a belief I now strongly hold as an academic head: lessons don’t begin with teaching; they begin with remembering. A quick recall question, a familiar example, a short conversation, or even asking students to explain what they already know can make all the difference. It warms up the brain and gives new learning somewhere to belong.

Because when prior knowledge is acknowledged and activated, learning doesn’t feel like a leap—it feels like the next natural step.

Assignment 3: Awareness, Reflection, and My Leadership Journey

“Recognising what we don’t know is the beginning of meaningful learning.” — from the chapter on Awareness and Metacognition

When I stepped into the role of Academic Head, I quietly assumed that experience would make things feel familiar and almost predictable. I believed that years in the classroom would prepare me for most situations. But leadership has a way of gently—and sometimes not so gently—challenging those assumptions.

Very soon, reality set in. Teachers asked thoughtful questions I didn’t always have immediate answers to. Parents raised concerns that revealed gaps I hadn’t noticed. There were moments when I realised I had misunderstood certain Cambridge guidelines and had to pause, revisit, and relearn. None of this felt comfortable. In fact, it felt unsettling at first.

This chapter helped me see those moments differently. It reminded me that awareness is not about self-doubt; it’s about self-observation. Noticing what I didn’t know, where I went wrong, or what I had assumed too quickly wasn’t a sign of weakness. It was evidence of growth.

I began to watch my own thinking more carefully, question my decisions, and reflect on why I chose certain paths over others. Over time, I understood that leadership is not about being flawless or having every answer ready. It is about being willing to pause, reflect, and adjust.

The days when things went slightly off track taught me far more than the days when everything ran smoothly. Those small missteps shaped my leadership mindset, strengthened my judgment, and deepened my empathy. They reminded me that meaningful learning—whether in classrooms or in leadership—always begins with awareness.

Assignment 4: Emotions as a Part of Learning and Leading

“Emotion fuels thinking—it doesn’t distract from it.” — from the chapter on Affect

There was a week that completely drained me—harsh words from a senior, a complaint from a parent, and teachers stressed about deadlines. By the end of the week, I felt like everything was slipping out of my control.

This chapter made me rethink the role of emotion. When a child gets frustrated with a maths problem, that frustration means they care. When I felt overwhelmed in school, it was because I wanted to do well.

Emotions aren’t obstacles; they are signals. Understanding this made me calmer, more empathetic, and more grounded as a leader.

Assignment 5: Bringing Meaning to Chaos — The Art of Assembly

“Learning becomes complete when ideas are gathered, refined, and made coherent.” — from the chapter on Assembly

Earlier in my leadership journey, I believed that being capable meant getting things right the first time. When decisions didn’t land as expected, or situations unfolded differently than I had planned, I took it personally. I saw mistakes as shortcomings—something to correct quickly and quietly.

Experience changed that belief.

There were moments when my judgment needed revisiting, when my communication could have been clearer, and when I had to admit that I didn’t fully understand a situation before responding. Those moments were uncomfortable, but they were also honest. And they taught me more than any smooth, successful day ever could.

Over time, I stopped fearing mistakes and started learning from them. Each misstep sharpened my awareness, softened my responses, and widened my perspective. I became more patient with others because I had learned to be patient with myself. I began listening more deeply—not just to words, but to intent, hesitation, and unspoken concerns.

Today, my leadership is shaped less by authority and more by empathy. I don’t aim to appear flawless; I aim to be thoughtful, reflective, and open to growth. The lessons that mattered most didn’t come from getting everything right, but from pausing, reflecting, and choosing to grow stronger each time something went wrong.

That is the kind of leader I’ve grown into—not perfect, but grounded.

Ms. Manika Pandey
Academic Head 
Sunbeam International, Varuna

Productive Failure as a Pathway to Conceptual Understanding in Early Grades - Devika Singh

Assignment 3- Designing Tasks for Productive Failure: Exploring Area in Grade 3

While teaching the concept of area to my Grade 3 students, I intentionally designed the lesson around Manu Kapur’s principle of “Designing Tasks for Productive Failure.” Instead of starting with definitions or procedures, I created a task that was open-ended, challenging, and rich enough to invite exploration and mistakes.

I provided students with grid paper and drew different shapes on it—some regular and some irregular. I asked them a simple question:

“Which shape covers more space? How do you know?”

No explanation of area, square units, or counting strategies was given. Students worked in small groups, discussing and attempting to justify their answers using their own reasoning.

As expected, the classroom was filled with varied approaches. Some students counted the sides of the shapes instead of the squares. Others made guesses based on how big the shape looked. A few students shaded squares randomly, unsure of where to begin. The task was challenging, and mistakes were frequent—but thinking was visible and active.

This carefully designed struggle was purposeful. Students were exploring multiple strategies, testing ideas, and encountering limitations in their reasoning. The task created cognitive conflict, which is essential for productive failure.

After this exploration phase, I introduced formal instruction. I explained that area refers to the space covered by a shape and demonstrated how to count square units accurately, including half squares. I connected my explanations directly to the errors students had made, helping them understand why certain strategies did not work.

When students revisited the same task, their understanding had deepened significantly. They counted systematically, explained their reasoning confidently, and used correct mathematical vocabulary.

This experience reinforced Kapur’s idea that well-designed tasks that allow students to fail productively lead to deeper conceptual understanding. By struggling first, students were better prepared to learn and apply the concept of area meaningfully.

Final Reflection: Designing Tasks for Productive Failure (Grade 3 – Area)

Designing an open-ended task allowed students to explore the concept of area through discussion, trial, and error. The initial struggle helped reveal misconceptions and prepared students for meaningful instruction. When guidance was provided, students showed clearer understanding, improved reasoning, and greater confidence. This experience confirmed that well-designed tasks make productive failure a powerful tool for deep mathematical learning.

Assignment 4- Applying the Role of Collaboration in Productive Failure: Understanding Timetable in Grade 2

Section Chosen from Productive Failure

The Role of Collaboration in Productive Failure – Manu Kapur emphasises that peer interaction during initial failure helps learners generate multiple ideas, challenge assumptions, and build richer understanding before formal instruction.

Objective

To observe how collaborative struggle helps students understand and interpret a timetable before receiving explicit instruction.

Classroom Experience

1. Exploration Phase (Collaborative Struggle)

I introduced a simple school timetable showing activities such as assembly, class time, recess, lunch, and dispersal, along with corresponding times.

Without explaining how to read or interpret a timetable, I divided students into small groups of three and asked:

“Can you tell what happens first, next, and last in the day?”
“At what time do we have recess and lunch?”

Students were encouraged to discuss and agree on answers as a group.

Student Responses:
Some students focused only on pictures, ignoring time.
Others mixed up morning and afternoon times.
Groups debated actively:
“Lunch is after games!”
“No, look at the time!”

Mistakes were common, but collaboration was strong. Students questioned each other, justified ideas, and corrected peers.

2. Instructional Phase

After allowing time for discussion, I explained:

  • How to read time in a timetable

  • The order of events based on time

  • The difference between earlier and later activities

I referred directly to students’ group discussions and clarified misconceptions that had emerged through collaboration.

3. Reflection Phase

Groups revisited the same timetable and corrected their responses. Students compared their initial group answers with their revised understanding. Many students realised:

  • Why are their group’s earlier ideas incorrect

  • How discussing with peers helped them understand better

Observation and Analysis

Collaboration encouraged active participation from all students.
Peer discussion exposed multiple viewpoints and misconceptions.
Students corrected errors even before the teacher's instruction.
Learning became social, engaging, and meaningful.

Connection to Productive Failure

Kapur highlights that collaboration enhances productive failure by allowing learners to learn with and from each other. In this lesson, group discussions during failures led to a deeper understanding and prepared students for instruction.

Conclusion

Using collaboration during productive struggle helped Grade 2 students understand timetables more effectively. Peer interaction transformed confusion into clarity, reinforcing that learning mathematics is both a cognitive and social process.

Assignment 5- Learning from Failure Before Instruction: Understanding Time in Grade 2

While introducing the topic of time to my Grade 2 students, I applied Manu Kapur’s principle of “Learning from Failure Before Instruction.” Rather than explaining how to read a clock immediately, I wanted students to experience the confusion and reasoning that comes with trying first.

I displayed several clock faces showing different times and asked students to work in pairs to answer:

“What time do you think this clock shows? How do you know?”

At this stage, no instruction was given about the hour hand, minute hand, or half past. Students were encouraged to discuss and write their thinking freely.

During this exploration phase, many misconceptions emerged. Some students read the minute hand as the hour. Others focused only on the number closest to the hands. Several students invented their own ways of describing time. Although many answers were incorrect, students were deeply engaged and eager to justify their ideas.

These mistakes became valuable learning tools. After allowing sufficient time for exploration, I introduced formal instruction. I explained the roles of the hour hand and minute hand, demonstrated how to read 'o'clock' and 'half-past' times, and addressed the common errors observed during the exploration.

Because students had already experienced failure, the instruction had a greater impact. They immediately recognised their mistakes and understood why their earlier answers did not work. When they corrected their work, their accuracy and confidence improved noticeably.

This lesson demonstrated that failure before instruction is not discouraging when handled thoughtfully. Instead, it prepares students cognitively, making learning more meaningful and long-lasting.

Devika Singh, Sunbeam International Varuna

Sunday, January 25, 2026

Screen Time in Childhood Education: Balancing the Digital Scales

Read the full report


The Digital Childhood Dilemma


Over the past decade, the touchscreen has become the default pacifier for millions of underfives. Since 2012, the share of households with an internet-connected mobile device has more than doubled in both OECD and upper-middle-income economies (OECD, 2019), turning every living room, bus queue and waiting room into a potential media hub. Today, the average preschooler spends about two hours a day in front of a screen—twice the World Health Organisation’s 1-hour limit for 2 to 5-year-olds (WHO, 2019). Recent studies on every continent show that overshooting the guideline is no longer the exception but the rule:


• South Asia – Chandigarh, India 59 %; suburban Sri Lanka 60 % exceed > 1 h/day

• South-East Asia – urban Selangor, Malaysia 91 % exceed > 1 h/day

• Western Pacific – Guangdong, China 67 % exceed > 1 h/day

• Europe & Eastern Mediterranean – Metropolitan Istanbul (Türkiye) 49 % ex-

ceed WHO limit

• Americas – NHIS, United States 47 % exceed > 2 h leisure/day; Ceará, Brazil 69 % exceed WHO limit; national Colombia 50 % exceed > 2 h/day; Mexico City ≈ 70 % exceed > 2 h/day

• Africa – urban centres, Ethiopia 62 % exceed > 1 h/day


Across these diverse settings, excessive early exposure is repeatedly linked to slower language growth, weaker attention regulation, poorer social competence, reduced motor coordination and disrupted, healthy sleep (e.g., Raj et al. 2022; Geng et al. 2023). The challenge facing parents, educators and policymakers is, therefore, no longer whether young children should encounter screens, but how to shape use so that digital opportunity does not crowd out the developmental experiences on which lifelong learning depends.


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